Theoretical Justification Research Articles

The content of the «social literacy» concept in pedagogical theory and practice

   Scientific research in recent years has documented a violation of the mechanism for the inclusion of young citizens in adulthood and the dominance of consumer attitudes among modern youth. It is quite obvious that one of the indicators of civil society is the desire of people to be its full members, responsible and capable of socially useful activities. The ongoing change in the geopolitical situation in the world has particularly acutely actualized the problem of children and adolescents developing social literacy as a special criterion for the development of society.   The need to solve this issue determined the research problem, which lies in the insufficient knowledge of the content of social literacy of children and adolescents in modern pedagogical discourse and the demand for a theoretical justification of this term from the standpoint of the modern sociocultural situation.   Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to reveal the concept of “social literacy” in pedagogical theory and practice.   The research methods used in the work are the following: analysis of teaching experience and theoretical approaches to the problem under study, synthesis, differentiation, methods of visual presentation of the data obtained.   The results of the research. The content of social literacy in pedagogical scientific and scientific-methodological research has been revealed; components of social literacy have been proposed.   Key conclusions: social literacy is understood as an individual’s readiness to socialize safely in the environment; possession of an interdependent set of knowledge, skills and abilities, as well as the necessary personal qualities that ensure the formation of this readiness; social literacy includes a set of interrelated components: personal, activity and reflexive, identified on the basis of systematization of axiological, environmental, competence and multi-subjective approaches.

Transformation of Digital Technologies in Local Government

There is little theoretical justification for integrated management in municipalities. This especially concerns the need to formulate the concept and use of digital technologies for municipalities at various levels. This implies the need to take into account the core values characteristic of public organizations, in particular public associations and individuals involved in this process. The problem of digitalization has been considered in many areas, but at the municipal level there are only the results of fragmentary descriptions, and, most often, only at the level of converting previously created content into digital format. The authors show various approaches to the use of digital technologies in management: e-government, digital city, smart city, digital projects in municipalities, digitalization of administration, information and communication technologies in state and municipal government. This study examines a rarely considered aspect, namely the transformation of digital technologies in the management process at the city level, as well as its impact on urban infrastructure assets. Besides, the study attempts to methodize the objects of the municipal structure in a digital format and to attract the attention of the practical world to the value that a complex development system integrated into digital space can bring to the system.

Picture Fuzzy Aggregation Operator-Based Integrated MEREC-WASPAS Technique for Video Conferencing Tool Selection

The COVID-19 epidemic has drastically altered the global landscape and thus organizations are finding it difficult to provide a modern and productive work environment to their stakeholders. As a result, personnel have shifted from in-person interactions to working remotely via video conferencing tools (VCTs). Owing to the onset of COVID-19 outbreak, usage of VTCs has gained great interest among people, especially student fraternity and employees as it reduces the hassle of direct interaction. But selecting the right platform for virtual interaction can be challenging, as it involves a number of factors in order to reduce expenses and maximize productivity. The present treatise has focused on devising a mathematical approach to identify the best VCT by structurizing the problem as a multi-criteria group decision making (MCGDM) model. To carry out the research, the notions of two popular techniques, namely Method based on the Removal Effects of Criteria (MEREC) and Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) have been extended under Picture fuzzy environment with the aid of Picture fuzzy weighted averaging operator to deal with MCGDM situation. Furthermore, to overcome limitations of existing Picture fuzzy score function (PFSF), a novel PFSF has been developed and its significant properties are analyzed through theoretical and numerical justifications, showing its superiority over the existing one. The proposed PFSF can not only overcome the limitations of the existing SF, but also can rank any type of Picture fuzzy numbers irrespective of their membership and non-membership grades. Thereafter, the extended MCGDM techniques have been integrated with the aid of the proposed novel PFSF and applied to assess the best VCT. The proposed technique has identified Google Meet as the best VCT for virtual communication. Consistency and robustness of proposed technique have been validated through comparative and sensitivity analysis.

An analytical approach for unsupervised learning rate estimation using rectified linear units

Unsupervised learning based on restricted Boltzmann machine or autoencoders has become an important research domain in the area of neural networks. In this paper mathematical expressions to adaptive learning step calculation for RBM with ReLU transfer function are proposed. As a result, we can automatically estimate the step size that minimizes the loss function of the neural network and correspondingly update the learning step in every iteration. We give a theoretical justification for the proposed adaptive learning rate approach, which is based on the steepest descent method. The proposed technique for adaptive learning rate estimation is compared with the existing constant step and Adam methods in terms of generalization ability and loss function. We demonstrate that the proposed approach provides better performance.

Theoretical justification for the choice of technical solutions for microclimate support systems of indoor ice rinks

Theoretical justification for the choice of technical solutions for microclimate support systems of indoor ice rinks

An optimal interpolation set for model-based derivative-free optimization methods

This paper demonstrates the optimality of an interpolation set employed in derivative-free trust-region methods. This set is optimal in the sense that it minimizes the constant of well-poisedness in a ball centred at the starting point. It is chosen as the default initial interpolation set by many derivative-free trust-region methods based on underdetermined quadratic interpolation, including NEWUOA, BOBYQA, LINCOA, and COBYQA. Our analysis provides a theoretical justification for this choice.

Hierarchical decomposed dual-domain deep learning for sparse-view CT reconstruction

Objective. X-ray computed tomography employing sparse projection views has emerged as a contemporary technique to mitigate radiation dose. However, due to the inadequate number of projection views, an analytic reconstruction method utilizing filtered backprojection results in severe streaking artifacts. Recently, deep learning (DL) strategies employing image-domain networks have demonstrated remarkable performance in eliminating the streaking artifact caused by analytic reconstruction methods with sparse projection views. Nevertheless, it is difficult to clarify the theoretical justification for applying DL to sparse view computed tomography (CT) reconstruction, and it has been understood as restoration by removing image artifacts, not reconstruction. Approach. By leveraging the theory of deep convolutional framelets (DCF) and the hierarchical decomposition of measurement, this research reveals the constraints of conventional image and projection-domain DL methodologies, subsequently, the research proposes a novel dual-domain DL framework utilizing hierarchical decomposed measurements. Specifically, the research elucidates how the performance of the projection-domain network can be enhanced through a low-rank property of DCF and a bowtie support of hierarchical decomposed measurement in the Fourier domain. Main results. This study demonstrated performance improvement of the proposed framework based on the low-rank property, resulting in superior reconstruction performance compared to conventional analytic and DL methods. Significance. By providing a theoretically justified DL approach for sparse-view CT reconstruction, this study not only offers a superior alternative to existing methods but also opens new avenues for research in medical imaging. It highlights the potential of dual-domain DL frameworks to achieve high-quality reconstructions with lower radiation doses, thereby advancing the field towards safer and more efficient diagnostic techniques. The code is available at https://github.com/hanyoseob/HDD-DL-for-SVCT.

Biomimicry as a Valuable Design Tool for Climate Change Adaptation

As built environment professionals face more pressing and difficult issues related to climate change mitigation and adaptation, it can be useful to look at examples of how other living organisms or ecosystems have solved the same problems. This paper examines global climate change impacts on society and ecosystems, primarily caused by human activities and built environments. It explores how buildings can mitigate climate change drivers while adapting to ongoing challenges. Through interdisciplinary perspectives and case studies, it presents strategies for climate-resilient building design. Looking at plants or animals that are highly adaptable or survive extreme climates or climate change can provide insight into how buildings could or should work. Exploring the properties of ecosystems that enable their adaptability and resilience can also offer potential opportunities. Therefore, this chapter explores whether bio mimicry, where organisms or ecosystems are imitated in human design, can be an effective means of mitigating the causes of climate change for which the built environment is responsible, or adapting to the effects on climate change. Different bio mimicry designs are discussed and categorized, a case study and examples illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. In light of the findings of the study, it is argued that an ecosystem-mimicking model that exploits synergies between climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies can be useful for the long-term biomimetic response of the built environment to climate to change there are also presented theoretical justifications that support it. Key Words: Biomimicry, Climate Change, Adaptation.

ПРО ОДИН ПІДХІД ДО ПЕРЕТВОРЕННЯ ЧИСЕЛ У СИСТЕМАХ ЗАЛИШКОВИХ КЛАСІВ ІЗ РІЗНИМИ МОДУЛЯМИ

The purpose of the study is an analytical consideration of the system of residual classes for the implementation of the operation of converting numbers from one system of residual classes to another. System analysis, number theory, and the Chinese remainder theorem are tools of the research methodology. The method uses the representation of the number both by its remainders and in the polyadic code. The methodology is based on determining the positional characteristics for this module on the basis of the received positional characteristics for the remaining modules of the original system, with the subsequent construction on their basis of the residuals for the modules of the sought system. The theoretical justification of the approach for obtaining an effective solution of this non-modular operation is performed. The considered solutions have high speed and can be effective in the development of modular computing structures for promising information technologies.

Interrelation of conceptual abilities and Self-concept in adolescence

This article provides a theoretical analysis of the psychological constructs of "conceptual abilities" and "self-concept" and examines the theoretical justification for the connection between conceptual abilities, as manifestations of conceptual thinking, and the formation of personality and its self-concept in adolescence. Theoretical arguments are presented in favor of this connection: during the formation of conceptual thinking and conceptual abilities, the intellectualization of all functions and developing qualities of adolescents occurs; new formations such as objectification and decentering are developed; the ability to abstract increases, which determines the differentiation of personal qualities and self-representations and their integration at a higher level, a radical restructuring of personality takes place, the formation of moral consciousness, including relationships with others, and the adaptive properties of personality increase, influencing its social behavior. The article shows the prospects of research due to verify the alleged relationship and clarify its nature by mathematical methods (correlation, regression, factor analysis).

NMR-based analysis of fractal characteristics of the pore structure of fully aeolian sand concrete under carbonation-dry-wet cycles

The evolution law of the pore structure of concrete is important for the study of concrete durability. To study the quantitative relationship between pore structure and macroscopic mechanics of aeolian sand concrete(ASC) under carbonation-dry-wet cycle(DWCs), the fractal characteristics of ASC under carbonation DWCs were analyzed by means of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) technology. The results showed that the carbonization product CaCO3 filled the pores and the compressive strength of ASC increased as the carbonization time increasing. When the DWCs was 0 times, the compressive strength of C1 and C2 groups increased by 9% and 13.6%, respectively, compared with C0. The compressive strength of C0 and C1 groups reached the maximum value when the DWCs was 40 times, while the C2 group reached the maximum value when the DWCs was 20 times. Compared with C0, the compressive strength of C1 and C2 increased by only 4% and 6%, respectively, after 100 DWCs. The fractal dimension Dmax reflected the proportion of harmless and multiple harmful pores in the damaged ASC. The fractal dimension Dmax was proportional to the proportion of harmless pores, and the correlation coefficient was 0.9303. The fractal dimension Dmax was inversely proportional to the proportion of harmful pores, and the correlation coefficient was 0.9565. The macroscopic mechanical properties were mainly affected by harmless pores and harmful pores, while the influence of less harmful pores and harmful pores was weak. This study will provide a theoretical justification for the use of ASC in practical engineering.

Effective equation of state of a radiatively cooling gas

Context. The temperature of the interstellar medium (ISM) is governed by several physical processes, including radiative cooling, external UV/cosmic-ray heating, and mechanical work due to compression and expansion. In regimes where the dynamical effect is important, the temperature deviates from that derived by simply balancing the heating and cooling functions. This renders the expression of the gas energy evolution with a simple equation of state (EOS) less straightforward. Aims. Given a cooling function, the behavior of the gas is subject to the combined effect of dynamical compression and radiative cooling. The goal of the present work is to derive the effective EOS of a collapsing gas within a full fluid solution. Methods. We solved the Navier-Stokes equations with a parametric cooling term in spherical coordinates, and looked for a self-similar collapse solution. Results. We present a solution that describes a cloud that is contracting while losing energy through radiation. This yields an effective EOS that can be generally applied to various ISM contexts, where the cooling function is available from first principles and is expressed as a power-law product of the density and temperature. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that a radiatively cooling gas under self-gravitating collapse can easily manifest an effective polytropic EOS, even isothermal in many scenarios. The present model provides theoretical justification for the simplifying isothermal assumptions of simulations at various scales, and can also provide a more realistic thermal recipe without additional computation costs.

Advances and applications in water retention technology for meat and meat products: Status and future research directions

SummaryWater retention technology plays a critical role in enhancing the flavour and yield of meat products, as well as maximising the economic advantages of meat processing in contemporary practices. This technique enhances the economic viability of the firm by augmenting the texture profile of meat products and optimising the yield. Water retention approaches essentially encompass the manipulation of pH levels, the inhibition of protein oxidation denaturation, and the alteration of the micro‐spatial structure of muscles. This study reviewed the different factors that contribute to water loss in meat and meat products, encompassing aspects such as animal species and cuts, pH levels, processing methodologies, storage and packing conditions, and salt concentration. This study reviewed the application of water retention techniques in the context of meat processing and its resultant products. The primary objective of this study is to offer theoretical justification for the reduction of juice loss, preservation of essential water content, enhancement of texture, and improvement of meat quality throughout the stages of processing and storage.

INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF FINANCIAL LEASING FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ECONOMIC SECURITY

The article examines the essence of investment management through the prism of the development of financial leasing from the perspective of economic security, the provision of which in the conditions of the russian-Ukrainian war is simultaneously a requirement, a need, and a guarantee of the existence of the country and its future prosperity. The purpose of the article is the theoretical justification and development of practical recommendations for investment management through the prism of the development of financial leasing from the perspective of economic security. The methodological basis, which allowed to ensure the integrity of the research, is a set of general scientific and applied methods, in particular such as: analysis, synthesis, monographic, abstraction; deductions, inductions, monographic; systematization; theoretical generalization; quantitative and qualitative comparison. The study emphasizes that the state of war between russia and Ukraine has led to a worsening of the situation in all areas of the country's life, and thus had a negative impact on the level of economic security of the state. In this perspective, the article examines the essence of security and related concepts, as well as its relationship with the development of aspects of security theory and the description of the main conditions and factors that generate threats to the economy. The negative changes that occurred in all spheres of the economy and are directly related to the consequences of Russian aggression and the consequences of wars for individual countries in the context of their economic development are considered. Taking into account the issues of the research, attention is focused on the importance of strengthening the role of the state regarding the use of mechanisms of influence on the processes that are currently observed in all spheres of social life and, in particular, the complex use of financial instruments – financial leasing. It was concluded that, taking into account the outlined interrelationship of the "economic security" categories and related concepts, in the context of the research problem, it is appropriate to implement at the state level the best global practices of using financial leasing tools to provide the population with housing with maximum consideration of all externalities, which in the long run will contribute increasing the level of economic security of the state and ensuring the synergistic effect of economic development in the post-war period and the period of post-war reconstruction of Ukraine.

Postmodernist Text as Didactic Teaching Tool for Philologist Students

This article is a theoretical and practical justification for creating courses and didactic materials for offline-online teaching, that is, such a way of studying the subject with students of philology, the effectiveness of which would not depend on the transition from offline to online mode of learning and vice versa. Based on the research the author proposes to study the literature of postmodernism with the help of case study methodology and Trello technology. Shows the use of innovative methods in teaching the philological discipline to improve the level of linguistic and cultural competence of students, as well as ways of presenting the material during the classroom sessions. The article demonstrates how general theoretical and highly specialized practical tasks are combined in one case. Auxiliary didactic material in the form of scientific articles and dissertations is indicated, the purpose of this aspect of the assignment is to teach students how to work with scientific sources. The schemes created for the study of the novel within the framework of case technology are presented. This article describes the methodology for creating an express course for philology students studying the literary direction of postmodernism. This method is relevant during the transition to online learning, when creating electives, in teaching a number of disciplines related to the study of modern literature. The novel by Sasha Sokolov “School for Fools” (“Shkola dlia durakov”) is taken as an example-base, but it can be any novel in the genre of post-structuralism at the discretion of the teacher. Studying the novel of the 20th century, a novel in the genre of post-structuralism, where there is a variety of genre forms, can be a good basis for a quick and effective development of the topic.

Formation of Research Skills of Future Biology Teachers through Practical Classes in Biotechnology

This article discusses the work on improving the research skills of biology students in higher education through laboratory classes. In the Botanical Garden of Khoja Akhmet Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University for 3rd year biology students, developed a theoretical justification for determining the ecobiological characteristics of apple varieties using the selection method and found application in the educational process. As a result of the conducted research, it was recognized as the optimal method of vegetative propagation of apple varieties in laboratory conditions. In this direction, the students selected (allocated to toptoar) for research work were offered theoretical knowledge, after which a survey was conducted in order to refine it. If the assimilation of knowledge was 65%, then in the repeated survey at the end of the work it is clear that each of the two groups participating in the research work increased the varieties they selected by 20% and amounted to 85%. Each of the two groups involved in the research carried out their chosen practical tasks and conducted an analysis. The results of the study showed that the students found that vaccination has a positive effect on a good harvest of seedlings, and developed research skills. In the process of forming a research skill, in most cases, research in the process of practical work with activity research had a great influence. Research work in the course of laboratory work, the sequence of application to 3 practical works was considered, and information was also provided on the positive impact of laboratory work on the quality of teaching the discipline biotechnology. In accordance with the requirements of modern globalization, the possibility of preliminary preparation of students' practical abilities for a specific laboratory using STEM technology was considered.

Study of Potato Tuber Motion on the Elevator with a Separation Intensifier

Introduction. When harvesting potatoes from the waterlogged soils, the gaps between the elevator bars become clogged, the soil separation efficiency decreases while damage to potato tubers and yield loss increases. In this study, the authors propose a potato harvester intensifier in the paddle conveyor form to improve the separation quality for specific conditions. It is located under the carrying run of the main elevator apron. Aim of the Study. The aim of the study is theoretical justification of the potato harvester paddle intensifier for separating potato tubers from waterlogged soils in order to reduce damage to potatoes during harvesting. Materials and Methods. There was analyzed the work of the separation intensifier with a paddle conveyor located under the carrying side of the potato harvester main elevator with flexible flat blades moving towards the main elevator apron. The intensifier paddle, installed under the elevator carrying side, must act as a pusher when potato tubers stick and fall into the gap between the elevator bars in harvesting potatoes from waterlogged soils. Results. The analysis of potato tuber motion relative to the bar has showed that under the specified parameters and conditions the pitch of blades equal to 210 mm provides the falling of the ball clod from the bar and blade on the conveyor belt without impact. In order to avoid the friction of potato tubers and impurities with bars, the distance between the intensifier conveyor belt and bars must exceed the gap between bars. When the distance between the conveyor belt and bar is equal to 30 mm, the blade pitch is determined to within 1 per cent by the speed of a blade moving relative to the bar. Discussion and Conclusion. The conducted theoretical studies of the blade intensifier of potato harvester separation on overwatered soils revealed its high efficiency, which is confirmed by the results of field experiments.

Mesh-Clustered Gaussian Process Emulator for Partial Differential Equation Boundary Value Problems

Partial differential equations (PDEs) have become an essential tool for modeling complex physical systems. Such equations are typically solved numerically via mesh-based methods, such as finite element methods, with solutions over the spatial domain. However, obtaining these solutions are often prohibitively costly, limiting the feasibility of exploring parameters in PDEs. In this article, we propose an efficient emulator that simultaneously predicts the solutions over the spatial domain, with theoretical justification of its uncertainty quantification. The novelty of the proposed method lies in the incorporation of the mesh node coordinates into the statistical model. In particular, the proposed method segments the mesh nodes into multiple clusters via a Dirichlet process prior and fits Gaussian process models with the same hyperparameters in each of them. Most importantly, by revealing the underlying clustering structures, the proposed method can provide valuable insights into qualitative features of the resulting dynamics that can be used to guide further investigations. Real examples are demonstrated to show that our proposed method has smaller prediction errors than its main competitors, with competitive computation time, and identifies interesting clusters of mesh nodes that possess physical significance, such as satisfying boundary conditions. An R package for the proposed methodology is provided in an open repository.

Active regeneration particulate filter operating cycle theoretical justification

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). Particulate filters or traps used in diesel vehicles to catch suspended particles require continuous and/or periodic regeneration in order to maintain operability. The order of diesel particulate filter loading and its regeneration can be presented in the form of an algorithm. Specific features of particulate filter functioning both in regular conditions and during active regeneration have been studied in a number of scientific papers, and the results obtained in them can be considered when developing the algorithm.The purpose of the work is development of the algorithm of the operating cycle of the diesel vehicle particulate filter including modes of filter loading, active regeneration and troubleshooting.Methodology and methods. Information from scientific literature regarding specific features of diesel vehicle exhaust gas aftertreatment systems operation, namely regarding particulate filters, has been collected under this study. The study assumes a noncatalytic diesel particulate filter that is contained in the system together with a diesel oxidation catalyst, nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst and ammonia oxidation catalyst. Particulate matter sensors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, exhaust-gas flow sensors and flow sensors for fuel to burn the soot accumulated in the filter have been used as measuring instrumentation of system indicators.Results. The created algorithm of the particulate filter operating cycle included the loading mode with definition of parameters for switching to active regeneration, definition of the transition moment between the stages of deep filtration and filtration in the soot layer. Active regeneration consisted of a sequence of two controlled fuel injections for combustion of soot in the filter and occurrence of the temperature impulse between the injections with selection of the most suitable level of exhaust gas flow rate as well as the control over the filter temperature and content of oxygen. The problems of malfunctions of the treatment system were solved by controlling the fuel supply during regeneration.Scientific novelty. The peculiarities of processes in the particulate filter during active regeneration were considered in the algorithm development, including ensuring high efficiency of soot removal from the filter.Practical significance. The algorithm can be used to develop a procedure to perform bench and driving tests of diesel vehicles as well as it can be applied in a diesel engine during vehicles operation

CARL SCHMITT AND FRIEDRICH HAYEK ON DEMOCRACY: ELECTIVE AFFINITIES?

The aim of the present paper is to disclose the structural affinities between Carl Schmitt and Friedrich Hayek regarding the concept of parliamentary democracy. Identifying Hayek’s neoliberal thinking with Schmitt’s theoretical justification of fascism would apparently be an a-historical overgeneralization. While Schmitt develops a model of absolute sovereignty relying on the sovereign’s decision on the state of exception, Hayek envisages the historical realization of those conditions allowing the market competition to flourish. Schmitt’s model subjugates market to an omnipotent state whereas Hayek views the latter as an engine abetting the free market competition.   
 A closer reading, however, could discern affinities behind the seemingly opposed models of the two thinkers. 
 Schmitt’s model of an emergency dictatorship and Hayek’s nomocracy are two different responses and attacks to the Left’s attempt to construct a democratic welfare state in the Weimar Republic and postwar Europe. Schmitt advocates the concentration of political power in a totalitarian state as the sole “remedy” to the democratic contamination of liberalism induced by the politicization of civil society. Similarly, Hayek castigates any state intervention taking the form of the welfare state but endorses a powerful state entrusted with the role of securing the conditions of market competition.